Fluid pumps or motors of the vane type



June 21, 1960 o. E. ROSAEN 2,941,479

FLUID PUMPS OR MOTORS OF THE VANE TYPE Filed April 1, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. OSCAR E. ROSAEN Wag , ATTORNEYS June 21, 1960 o. E. ROSAEN 2,941,479 FLUID PUMPS OR'MOTORS OF THE VANE. TYPE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 1, 1955 H U mm Hu 1... ll. lull. EL 0. ii/

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INVENTOR.

OSCAR E. ROSAEN W ATTO R N EYS FLUID PUMPS OR MOTORS OF THE VANEI TYPE Filed April 1, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG.4.

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ATTOR N EYS United States Patent O 2,941,479 FLUID' PUMPS R MOTORS OF THE VANE TYPE Oscar E. Rosaen, Grosse Pointe, Mich. (24100 Harper Ave., St. Clair Shores, Mich.)

Filed Apr-.1, 1955, Ser. No. 498,544

3 Claims. (Cl. 103-136) The present invention relates to fluid pumps or motors andspecifically to pumps or motors of the vane type.

In pumps or motors of this type, a rotor having radially arranged slots in its periphery with vanes radially slidable therein is surrounded by a ring variously called a vane track or cam ring. This ring is provided on its inner periphery with arcuate surfaces contacting the ends of the ward movement of the vanes and probably the most genorally. used is the provision of conduit means to lead some. of the fluid from the pressure side of the pump or motor to the bottoms of the slots under the vanes.

This, however, is open to the objection that the operation of the pump or motor at high pressure produces such a high pressure of the vane edges against the cam ring that scoring of the ring and excessive wear on the vane edges-occurs and shortens the life of the device. -..Among .the objects of the present invention is to provide means for utilizing the fluid pressure from the pressure side of the pump, or motor to move the vanes radially'outward against the ring and hold them against the forces acting to push them inwardly, but to reduce the pressure in the slots to such degree thatthe wear of the ring and vanes is minimized.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for reducing thefiuid pressure under the vanes to a fixed proportion of that in the pressure side of the pump, which proportion will remain constant throughout the range .of pressures, developed by the pump or used in the motor, 3 L 1 Still1other objects ,and advantages will readily occur tQ-those skilled in the art upon reference to the followins d scrip on andth cc mp ny drawings n W h= Figure l is a central longitudinal section of a pump embodying the present invention.

Figure 2 is a similar section on another plane.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the inner surface of the outlet cheek plate and cam ring.

Figure 4 is a similar view of the inlet cheek with the cam ring partially broken away.

Figure 5 is an elevation of a portion of a rotor.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary view of the same looking into a vane slot.

Figure 7 is a section on line 7-7 of Figure 5.

In the drawings, and the following description there is shown a pump but it should be understood that the improvements can be utilized in a motor with minor modification.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the pump comprises a two part housing 9 and 10 fixed together by screws 10A. In one portion of the housing is an inlet 10B and in the other an outlet 10C, and between suitable internal shoulders are held the working parts of the pump consisting of an inlet cheek plate A, an outlet cheek plate B and a cam ring or vane track C, the latter enclosing a rotor D.

The rotor D is splined on a drive shaft E mounted in suitable bearings F, G and H in the housing and in the two cheek plates and consists of a metal disc of such thickness as to have a sliding fit between the cheek plates A and B and provided in its periphery with radial slots 15 in which are slidably fitted vanes 16 (see Fig. 5). Only one vane is shown, but it should be understood that there will be as many varies as there are slots.

As shown in Figures 5 to 7, the vane slots 15 comprise an outer narrow portion in which the vanes are fitted and these open at their bottoms to through passages 17 whose diameter is somewhat greater than the vane thickness. Further, communicating with each passage 17, is a short radial passage 18 in turn communicating with a lateral passage 18A opening to a side face of the rotor.

As shown in Figure 3, the cam ring C is so shaped that its inner periphery is divided into sections or zones, two of which 20 are diametrically opposite and are arcs while twoother diametrically opposite sections or zones 21 are also arcs but of a smaller radius than that of the arcs 20. These several arcs are evenly spaced about the periphery and. merge into each other by interposed short ramp portions 22. Since the vanes 16 contact the inner surface of ring ,0 in operation, the difference in length of the radii of. arcs 20 and 21 is the amount of radial movement of the vanes.

In the Figure 3, disclosure it will be noted that the respective zones are shown bracketed and reference characters K, L, M and N are used to indicate the respective zonescorresponding to the sections 20, 21 and two ramp portions 22 of the inner periphery of the cam ring C, respectively.

; Fluid inlet to the intravane spaces is through the slots 25 formed in the outer edges of the cheek plates and fluid outlet is through passages 26 through the cheek plate B near the edge. These passages 26, it will be noted, open to a shallow chamber 26A in cheek plate B, and that a similar chamber 26B is formed in cheek plate A to register therewith.

' During operation of the device, as the rotor D rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 3, the vanes in the rotor as they pass from azone N to a zone K are taking inthe fiuid which is held between the vanes until they reach a zone M where the fluid is discharged. During their traversal of the zone L, the vanes areheld back in their slots by the shorter radius portion 21 of the inner peripheral surface of the cam ring C until they reach the next fluid intake zone N.

The cheek plate A, as shown best in Fig. 4, is provided 'on its inner face with a plurality of depressionsv or shallow arcua't'e chambers 30 and 31, of which two, 30, are located radially inward of the inlet slots 25 and in such radial location as to open to the rotor passages 17. These chambers 30 are also open to the pump inlet chamber 10B through passages 30A. The chambers 31 are located radially inward from the outlet passages 26 and are connccted through a passage 31A to an extension of the outlet chamber 26B beyond the passages 26.

Cheek plate A is also provided with an annular recess 35 formed around the central opening on its inner face in which is set a ring 36 shown in cross section in Figure 2. This ring, as shown, is provided in its outer periphery with a groove which when the ring is pressed in place, forms an annular chamber 36A and is also axially slotted as at 36B, the slots being open to chamber 36A and to the adjacent face of the rotor D.

The slots 36B are so located as to open to and register with the passages 18A shown in Figures 5 and 7 in the rotor D. The chamber 36A is in communication with the outlet chamber 26B through a small passage 37 and also with an inlet slot 25 through a passage 38 and branch opening -38A. The passages 37 and 38 are preferably Patented June 21, 1960 of the same length and diameter and their area somewhat less than the cross-sectional area of annular chamber 36A.

In the operation of the pump, the rotor being moved in the direction indicated by thearr'ows in Figures 3 'and 4, fluid will be drawn in between the vanes from inlets 25 as the vanes move from an are 21 to an are 20- and at the same time fluid is drawn into passages 17 under the vanes in the rotor through passages 30A and chambers 30 in the cheek plate A. 'As soon as a passage 17 leaves the depression or chamber 30, the small passage 18A opens to a slot 36B and this registry is maintained until the vane in the particular slot reaches the adjacent end of the outlet chamber 263. Then, as the passage 18A leaves the slot 36B, the passage 17 begins to register with the depression or chamber 31. This process is of course repeated with each vane in turn and again repeated as the rotor moves around over the succession of slots and chambers.

As will be noted, the vanes will be held out against the cam ring by the pressure of the fiuid in the slots derived from the pressure of fluid in the outlet chamber, first through the direct passages 31A and depressions or chambers 31 and, second, through the passage 37, chamber 36A and passages 18A and 18.

The pressure in passage 31A is slightly higher than the pressure in the outlet since the passage connects with the outlet chamber 26B at the end of the latter at a point beyond the outlets 26. This and of the outlet chamber is therefore a pocket in which the pressure is slightly higher due to the inertia of the fluid.

The pressure from annular chamber 36A is, however, in the form shown only about half the full discharge pressure since, while the chamber 36A is always connected to the full discharge pressure, it is also always open to the inlet chamber. The fluid in the conduit formed by passage 37, chamber 36A and passage 38 is therefore subjected at one end to the full discharge pressure or higher and at the other end to substantially zero pressure. Accordingly, the fluid in chamber 36A, substantially at the middle portion of the conduit, will be under a pressure of about half the pressure of the discharge, and will remain so no matter what pressure may be developed by the pump.

By suitably varying the proportions of the several portions of the conduit 37, 36A, 38 a different ratio than that above described may of course be obtained if desired.

I claim:

1. In a fluid pump or motor of the vane type comprising a housing provided with a fluid inlet chamber and a fluid outlet chamber, one of which during operation contains fluid under a pressure greater than that in the other chamber, and enclosing working parts conmediate portion of the first conduit to said slotsunder said vanes.

2. In a fluid pump or motor of the vane type having an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber one of which, during operation, contains fluid under a pressure higher than that in the other, a rotor'comprising a metal disc having in its periphery radially arranged slots in which are radially slidable vanes, and a cam ring surrounding said rotor and provided on its inner periphery with cam surfaces contacting said vanes and controlling the movement thereof, means for'forcing said vanes'outwardly to maintain contact with said ring, said means comprising an annular chamber, a constantly open conduit leading from said high pressure chamber to said annular chamber, a second constantly open conduit leading from 3 the annular chamber to the lower pressure chamber,

and conduit means intermittently connecting said annular chamber to the vane slots under the vanes. 3. In a fluid pump or motor of the vane type compris ing a housing provided with a fluid inlet chamber and a fluid outlet chamber, one of which during operation contains fluid under a pressure greater than that in the other chamber and enclosing working parts consisting of a pair of Check plates, a rotor mounted for rotation therebetween, and provided with radially slidable vanes in slots therein, and a cam ring or vane track surrounding said rotor and contacting the edges of said vanes, means for maintaing said vanes in contact with said ring, said means comprising an annular chamber in the cheek plate adjacent the high pressure chamber and adjacent the axis of said plate, a constantly open conduit connecting said annular chamber with said high pressure chamber, a constantly open conduit connecting said annular chamber with the low pressure chamber and a third conduit intermittently connecting the annular chamher to the slots under the vanes.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 920,976 Minor May 11, 1909 1,102,288 Myers July 7, 1914 2,357,333 Kendrick et a1. Sept. 5, 1944 2,641,195 Ferris June 9, 1953 2,725,013 Vlachos Nov. 29, 1955 

